Vašulka Mediascape

“In the early 1970s the word ‘digital’ was hardly ever used in our circles”

Steina: “We tried as much as possible to use existing tools but there were so few available and fewer that met our needs. People in New York who did this kind of work [modifying tools] were sought after and that’s how we found George Brown … George Brown always surprised us by making tools that far exceeded our expectations, like when we explained to him that it wasn’t enough to be able to dial keying priorities, we would have to be able to instantly recall them in a predetermined order. He built us a little memory device and, at the time, we didn’t realize that he had moved into the digital era. In the early 1970s the word digital was hardly ever used in our circles; there was not analog/digital, everything was analog. So, he designed digital tools for us, including the flip-flop switcher.“

Yvonne Spielmann, “An Interview with Steina”( 2003), Foundation Daniel Langlois website, and in Buffalo Heads, Woody Vašulka & Peter Weibel, eds, ZKM, Karlsruhe (2008); link: https://www.fondation-langlois.org/html/e/page.php?NumPage=417.